This report presents the results of a study on the economic effects of charging actuarially
based premiums for pre-FIRM (Flood Insurance Rate Map) structures. The study was
performed in response to Section 578 of the National Flood Insurance Reform Act of 1994,
which required FEMA to “conduct a study of the economic effects that would result from
increasing the premium rates for flood insurance coverage made available under the National
Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) for pre-FIRM structures to the full actuarial risk based
premium.”
https://biotech.law.lsu.edu/blaw/FEMA/NFIP-1999-finalreport.pdf